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1.
Rev. ecuat. pediatr ; 21(2): 1-8, 31 de agosto del 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1141283

ABSTRACT

Introducción:El síndrome hemofagocítico (SHF) es reconocido como un conjunto de signos clínicos y hallazgos laboratoriales que tienen un grave compromiso en la salud y vitalidad de los niños con una incidencia de 1.2 casos/millón/año. Puede pasar subdiagnosticado y confundido con sepsis de foco inespecífico Caso clínico:Niño de 4 años de edad, sin antecedentes de importancia. Ingresado desde el servicio de emergencia por presentar 20 días de fiebre y dolor abdominal. Requirió intubación por franca falla respiratoria y el ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Con hipotensión e insuficiencia hepática, pancitopeniay esplenomegalia. Evolución: Se descartaron infecciones bacterianas con policultivos, SARS-Cov 2negativo,se descartaron inmunodeficiencias congénitas y adquiridas.TORCHnegativo, VDRL no reactivo.La prueba de Epstein Barr fue positivo para IgM.Se determinó endocarditis con derrame pericárdico global. Estudio de biopsia medular normocromía, normocitosis, pancitopenia y blastos <5%, sin infiltración tumoral. Se estableció el Diagnóstico de SHFse inicióciclosporina y corticoterapia.Requirió ventilación mecánica por 20 días con período de pronación de 36 horas. Fue dado de alta a pediatríay posteriormente a domicilio, para control por consulta externa. Conclusión: El diagnóstico del SHF es inusual y subestimado al momento de la evaluación clínica. En el presente reporte se asocia a la presencia del Virus Epstein Barr


Introduction: Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is recognized as a set of clinical signs and laboratory findings that have a serious compromise on the health and vitality of children with an incidence of 1.2 cases / million / year. It can be underdiagnosed and confused with sepsis with a non-specific focus. Clinical case: 4-year-old boy, with no significant history. Admitted from the emergency service due to 20 days of fever and abdominal pain. She required intubation due to frank respiratory failureand admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. With hypotension and liver failure, pancytopenia and splenomegaly. Evolution: Bacterial infections were ruled out with polycultures, SARS-Cov 2 negative, congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies were ruled out. Negative TORCH, non-reactive VDRL. The Epstein Barr test was positive for IgM. Endocarditis with global pericardial effusion was determined. Medullary biopsy study normochromia, normocytosis, pancytopenia, and blasts <5%, without tumor infiltration. The diagnosis of SHF was established, cyclosporine and corticosteroid therapy were started. He required mechanical ventilation for 20 days with a 36-hour pronation period. He was discharged to pediatrics and later at home, for outpatient control. Conclusion: The diagnosis of HHS is unusual and underestimated at the time of clinical evaluation. In this report it is associated with the presence of the Epstein Barr Virus


Subject(s)
Humans , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic , Case Reports , Perforin
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 14(4): 225-229, 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-827322

ABSTRACT

A linfo-histiocitose hematofagocítica é uma síndrome pouco comum, caracterizada por descontrolada ativação e proliferação imunopatológica, levando a evidências clínicas e laboratoriais de inflamação extrema. Pode ser causada primariamente por mutações genéticas (linfo-histiocitose hematofagocítica familiar) ou secundariamente, por uma condição esporádica (linfo--histiocitose hematofagocítica adquirida), como infecções e malignidades.O objetivo deste trabalho foi chamar a atenção para a hinfo-histiocitose hematofagocítica em sua forma secundária (adquirida), com discussão de relato de caso e breve revisão da literatura. Em razão da forma secundária da linfo-histiocitose hematofagocítica ser rara e letal, pouco difundida no meio médico-acadêmico, ter apresentação variável e possuir testes que exigem tempo necessário para o diagnóstico, ela constitui desafio para a realização do diagnóstico precoce e do pronto início da imunoquimioterapia necessária à sobrevivência. O tratamento é complicado por curso clínico dinâmico, alto risco de morbidade e recorrência da doença. O prognóstico geralmente é muito ruim, com evolução potencialmente letal em curto período de tempo se não tratada.


Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon syndrome, characterized by uncontrolled immunopathologic activation and proliferation, leading to clinical and laboratory evidence of severe inflammation. It can be primarily caused by genetic mutations (familial HLH), or secondarily, by a sporadic condition (acquired HLH), such as an infection or malignancy. The purpose of the study is to draw the attention to hematophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in its secondary (acquired) form, discussing a case report and briefly reviewing the literature. Because the secondary form of hematophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is rare and lethal, and poorly widespread in the medical-academic area, with variable appearance, and requiring time-consuming diagnostic tests, it represents a challenge for getting an early diagnosis, and immediately starting immunochemotherapy necessary for survival. Treatment is complicated by the dynamic clinical course, high morbidity risk and recurrence. The prognosis is generally very poor, with potentially fatal outcomes in short time if not treated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/diagnosis , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/drug therapy , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/therapy , Ferritins , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/blood , Prognosis
3.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 54(1): 72-76, jan.-mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-685588

ABSTRACT

O presente relato de caso tem como finalidade chamar a atenção de doença grave que frequentemente é confundida com septicemia, no entanto o mecanismo etiológico é decorrente de defeitos genéticos ou associados à resposta imunológica exagerada, decorrente de ação citotóxica de linfócitos T CD8 e histiócitos, acarretando proliferação clonal e ativação de células ”natural killer” (NK). Uma tempestade de linfocinas acontece e como consequência é iniciada uma incontrolável hemofagocitose de todos os elementos sanguíneos, terminando pela infecção secundária do organismo por ausência de destruição de patógenos. A maioria dos casos termina pela morte do paciente; no entanto, relatamos nesse caso a possibilidade de incluirmos a plasmaferese como forma de retirar as linfocinas circulantes, razão do estímulo à destruição celular. O tratamento concomitante com alta dose de imunoglobulina endovenosa também foi realizado


The purpose of the present case report is to call attention to a serious disease that is often mistaken with septicemia, although its etiological mechanism results from genetic defects or is associated with an immune over-reaction, resulting from cytotoxic action of CD8 T lymphocytes and histiocytes, causing clonal proliferation and activation of “natural killer” (NK) cells. There occurs a storm of lymphokines and, as a consequence, an uncontrollable hemophagocytosis of all blood elements, which leads to secondary infection of the organism because of absence of pathogens destruction. Although most of the cases end up in death, in this case we report the possibility of including plasmapheresis as a way to remove the circulating lymphokines, the reason for stimulation of cell destruction. Co-treatment with high dose of intravenous immunoglobulin was performed too


Subject(s)
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Lymphokines/adverse effects , Lymphokines/poisoning , Plasmapheresis
4.
Pulmäo RJ ; 11(3): 132-137, 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-715126

ABSTRACT

Introdução: a tuberculose pleural tem uma evolução benigna, mesmo quando associada à infecção pelo HIV. Com o objetivo de compreender os mecanismos imunológicos envolvidos neste fenômeno, nós comparamos as concentrações de citocinas e subgrupos de células imunológicas no líquido e tecido pleural de pacientes com tuberculose pleural com e sem infecção pelo HIV. Material e métodos: foram incluídos 42 pacientes com o diagnóstico de tuberculose pleural dos quais 12 infectados pelo HIV. A análise imunohistoquímica do tecido pleural foi realizada em 21 pacientes utilizando os seguintes anticorpos monoclonais: anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-delta TCR, anti-perforina e anti-fasL. A concentração de citocinas (IL-2,IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 e IFN-) foi medida pelo método ELISA no líquido pleural de 29 pacientes. Resultados: a mediana das proporções de células CD8+ e perforina+ foi superior nos pacientes infectados pelo HIV. A proporção de células CD4+, FasL+ e delta-TCR+ foram semelhantes nos dois grupos. A IL-4 foi indetectável em todos os pacientes. Três de nove pacientes infectados pelo HIV apresentaram uma concentração de IL-2 superior a 40 pg/ml (p=0,02). Conclusões: as concentrações de IFN-, IL-10 e IL-12 foram semelhantes nos dois grupos. A citotoxicidade mediada pela perforina e a IL-2 parecem ter um papel importante na proteção contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis nos estádios iniciais da infecção pelo HIV. As células CD8+ do tecido pleural podem ser uma fonte alternativa de síntese de IFN- em pacientes com tuberculose pleural co-infectados pelo HIV.


Introduction: pleural tuberculosis (TB) has a benign course whether associated or not to HIV infection. To understand the immune mechanisms involved in this phenomenon, we compared cytokine concentrations and subsets of immune cells in the pleural fluid/tissue from patients with TB pleurisy with and without HIV co-infection. Material and methods: forty-two patients diagnosed with pleural TB were included, twelve of whom were HIV-infected. Immunohistochemical analysis of pleural tissue was performed in 21 patients with TB pleurisy with and without HIV co-infection. Material and methods: forty-two patients diagnosed with pleural TB were included, twelve of whom were HIV-infected. Immunohistochemical analysis of pleural tissue was performed in 21 patients using the following monoclonal antibodies: anti-CD4, anti CD-8, anti-delta TCR, anti-perforin and anti FasL. Cytokine (IL-2, OÇ-4, IL-10, IL-12 amd IFN-) concentration was measured by the ELISA method in the pleural fluid of 29 patients. Results: the median proportions of CD8+ and perforin + cells were higher in HIV-infected patients. The proportions of CD4+, FasL+ and delta-TCR+ cells were similar in both groups. IL-4 was undetectable in all patients. Three out of nine HIV-infected patients had IL-2 concentration ouver 40pg/ml (p=0.02). Conclusion: the concentrations of IFN-, IL-10 and IL-12 were similar in both groups. Perforin-mediated cytotoxicity and IL-2 may play an important role in protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the early stages of HIV infection. Pleural CD8+ cells may be an alternative source for IFN- in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antigen-Presenting Cells , Cytokines , HIV , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Pleural/diagnosis
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